Modern History notes · Chapter 8 of 14 · 1836 – 1893
Early Political Associations
3 sections, 15 flashcards. Open a card to check your answer, or revise them in the app with spaced revision.
At a glance
- Ilbert Bill and the pre-Congress political bodies
The Ilbert Bill Controversy
- In 1883, under Lord Ripon, C.P. Ilbert introduced a bill to amend the Criminal Procedure Code.
- Aimed to allow Indian magistrates to try European British subjects in criminal cases in rural areas (mofussil).
- It was opposed by the Anglo-Indian community.
- Europeans considered it beneath their dignity to be tried by Indians.
- Rumors circulated about potential abuses, especially involving English women.
- The British press spread wild allegations about Indian judges.
- A compromise allowed British subjects to request a jury with half European members.
- The incident humiliated the Indian middle class.
- Served as a prelude to the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
Check yourself
In , under introduced a bill to amend the .
Aimed to allow to try in criminal cases in rural areas ().
by the Anglo-Indian community.
considered it beneath their dignity to be tried by .
In 1883, under Lord Ripon, C.P. Ilbert introduced a bill to amend the Criminal Procedure Code.
Aimed to allow Indian magistrates to try European British subjects in criminal cases in rural areas (mofussil).
It was opposed by the Anglo-Indian community.
Europeans considered it beneath their dignity to be tried by Indians.
circulated about potential abuses, especially involving .
The British press spread about Indian judges.
A allowed British subjects to request a with half .
The incident humiliated the Indian middle class.
Served as a of the in .
Rumors circulated about potential abuses, especially involving English women.
The British press spread wild allegations about Indian judges.
A compromise allowed British subjects to request a jury with half European members.
The incident humiliated the Indian middle class.
Served as a prelude to the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
Formation of Early Political Associations
- In the 19th century, Indians began forming political associations.
- Early associations were regional, dominated by the rich and aristocrats.
- Demands were limited to administrative and educational reforms and greater Indian participation in governance.
Check yourself
In the , Indians began forming .
Early associations were , dominated by the .
Demands were limited to and greater Indian participation in governance.
In the 19th century, Indians began forming political associations.
Early associations were regional, dominated by the rich and aristocrats.
Demands were limited to administrative and educational reforms and greater Indian participation in governance.
Key Political Associations and Their Features
| Association | Features | |
|---|---|---|
| 1836 | Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha | Formed by associates of Raja Rammohan Roy. |
| 1838 | Zamindari Association or Landholders’ Society | Considered the first political association of modern India; set up by Radhakant Deb, Dwarkanath Tagore to safeguard landlords' interests. |
| 1843 | Bengal British India Society | Led by the Young Bengal group (Derozians); aimed to foster good citizenship through Indo-British collaboration. |
| 1851 | British Indian Association | Merger of Landholders’ Society and Bengal British India Society; demanded executive-judiciary separation, salary reduction for higher officers, abolition of salt, abkari, and stamp duties. |
| 1866 | East India Association | Founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London; aimed to influence British public opinion in favor of Indian welfare. |
| 1870 | Poona Sarvajanik Sabha | Founded by M.G. Ranade and others; served as a bridge between the government and the people; demanded India’s direct representation in the British Parliament. |
| 1875 | Indian League | Started by Sisir Kumar Ghosh to stimulate nationalism through political education. |
| 1876 | Indian Association of Calcutta (also Indian National Association) | Founded by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose; superseded the Indian League; regarded British Indian Association as reactionary; protested against reducing the age for civil services examination; demanded exams be held simultaneously in India and England; campaigned against the Arms Act and Vernacular Press Act; merged with the Indian National Congress in 1886. |
| 1884 | Madras Mahajan Sabha | Founded by M. Viraghavachari, B. Subramaniya Aiyer, P. Anandacharlu. |
| 1885 | Bombay Presidency Association | Started by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta, K.T. Telang. |
| 1885 | Indian National Congress (INC) | Founded by A.O. Hume as a forum to represent Indian opinion; became the preeminent political association and later transformed into a mass movement. |
| 1893 | Indian Parliamentary Committee | Formed by Sir William Wedderburn and Dadabhai Naoroji to advocate the Indian cause in the British Parliament. |
Check yourself
1836 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha
- Features
- Formed by associates of Raja Rammohan Roy.
1838 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Zamindari Association or Landholders’ Society
- Features
- Considered the first political association of modern India; set up by Radhakant Deb, Dwarkanath Tagore to safeguard landlords' interests.
1843 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Bengal British India Society
- Features
- Led by the Young Bengal group (Derozians); aimed to foster good citizenship through Indo-British collaboration.
1851 → Association · Features?
- Association
- British Indian Association
- Features
- Merger of Landholders’ Society and Bengal British India Society; demanded executive-judiciary separation, salary reduction for higher officers, abolition of salt, abkari, and stamp duties.
1866 → Association · Features?
- Association
- East India Association
- Features
- Founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London; aimed to influence British public opinion in favor of Indian welfare.
1870 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
- Features
- Founded by M.G. Ranade and others; served as a bridge between the government and the people; demanded India’s direct representation in the British Parliament.
1875 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Indian League
- Features
- Started by Sisir Kumar Ghosh to stimulate nationalism through political education.
1876 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Indian Association of Calcutta (also Indian National Association)
- Features
- Founded by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose; superseded the Indian League; regarded British Indian Association as reactionary; protested against reducing the age for civil services examination; demanded exams be held simultaneously in India and England; campaigned against the Arms Act and Vernacular Press Act; merged with the Indian National Congress in 1886.
1884 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Madras Mahajan Sabha
- Features
- Founded by M. Viraghavachari, B. Subramaniya Aiyer, P. Anandacharlu.
1885 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Bombay Presidency Association
- Features
- Started by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta, K.T. Telang.
1885 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Indian National Congress (INC)
- Features
- Founded by A.O. Hume as a forum to represent Indian opinion; became the preeminent political association and later transformed into a mass movement.
1893 → Association · Features?
- Association
- Indian Parliamentary Committee
- Features
- Formed by Sir William Wedderburn and Dadabhai Naoroji to advocate the Indian cause in the British Parliament.
All 14 chapters of Modern History notes
- Exam Focus Checklist2 sections
- Advent of the Europeans15 sections
- Bengal: Plassey to Buxar7 sections
- Expansion & Annexations14 sections
- People's Resistance 1757–185613 sections
- The Revolt of 185717 sections
- Peasant & Tribal Movements18 sections
- Early Political Associations3 sections
- INC Sessions & Presidents1 sections
- Moderates to Revolutionaries15 sections
- Socio-Religious Reform21 sections
- The Gandhian Era 1915–193423 sections
- Towards Independence 1935–4717 sections
- Constitutional Development9 sections