Fundamental Duties

• It shall be the duty of every citizen of India:
• 1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
• 2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
• 3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
• 4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
• 5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
• 6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
• 7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures;
• 8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
• 9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
• 10.To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement;
• 11.Who is a parent or guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child, or as the case may be, ward between the age of 6 to 14 years.

• Fundamental duty #11 was added by 86th constitution amendments in 2002
• FR: 21A: State to provide free & compulsory education to all children of 6-14 age
• FD: 51A: To provide education to children of 6-14 years age
• DPSP: 45: Care & education to all children till 6 years of age

• 1. FDs are non-justiciable (Justiciable: One can move court against their violation)
• 2. FDs are enforceable by law (Parliament can make law to enforce them)
• 3. Our Constitution says nothing about their enforcement.
• 4. FDs help courts in examining constitutional validity of law.
• 5. FDs apply only to citizens, not foreigners.
• 6. FDs were introduced by Indira Gandhi govt on recommendation of Swaran Singh Committee.
• 7. FDs are inspired by USSR constitution.
• ✗ 8. Enjoyment of FRs is dependent on fulfillment of FDs.

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 only
3. 1, 3 and 4 only
4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 1, 3 and 4 only

Protecting weaker sections from social injustice is a DPSP (Art. 46), not a Fundamental Duty.

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1&2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: Neither 1 nor 2

No legislative process is laid down to enforce FDs, and they are not correlative to legal duties.

1. Preamble of the Constitution
2. Directive Principles of State Policy
3. Fundamental Rights
4. Fundamental Duties

Answer: Fundamental Duties

Art. 51A(c) — to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.