Citizenship

• Article 5 : Citizens at commencement of Constitution
• Article 11 : Parliament to regulate right of citizenship (Hence came Citizenship Act, 1955

• It identifies citizens as on 26-01-1950
• It does not deal with acquisition or loss of citizenship subsequent to commencement

• 1) by birth
• 2) by descent
• 3) by registration (take oath)
• 4) by naturalization (take oath)
• 5) by incorporation of territory
• Note: illegal migrant can not acquire Indian citizenship
• Renunciation — Giving up Indian citizenship. Minor children also lose citizenship, but can resume it on becoming major.
• Termination — On acquiring citizenship of another country, Indian citizenship automatically terminates
• Deprivation — Central govt. terminating citizenship. e.g. disloyalty to Constitution; out of India for 7 years continuously; unlawfully communicated with enemy during war

• 1. A child born in India automatically becomes Indian citizen
• ✗ 2. X Children of foreign diplomats posted in India can get Indian citizenship by birth
• 3. A child born today will get citizenship by birth if at least one parent is Indian, and another not an illegal migrant.

• 1. Resided in India in last 12 months, and before that in 11 out of 14 years
• 2. Knows one of the languages of 8th schedule

• 1. Person of Indian origin resided for 7 years in India
• 2. Spouse/child of Indian citizen
• 3. And many more … . Conditions apply

• Article 15 -- Right against discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
• Article 16 – Right to equality of opportunity in the matter of public employment.
• Article 19 – Right to freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and profession.
• Articles 29 & 30 – Cultural and educational rights.

• Yes, as its part of Article 21

• No, it's part of Article 19

1. Conscious of social obligations
2. Not bothered about anything
3. Educated
4. Rich in cultural heritage

Answer: Conscious of social obligations

A good citizen is conscious of social obligations.

1. Freedom of trade and profession
2. Equality before the Law
3. Protection of life and personal liberty
4. Freedom of religion

Answer: Freedom of trade and profession

Art. 19 freedoms (incl. trade and profession) are available only to citizens.

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 3
4. 2 and 3

Answer: 1 only

India has single citizenship and one domicile; a naturalised citizen can become President; citizenship can be deprived under the Citizenship Act.

1. 1, 2 and 3
2. 1 and 3
3. 3 only
4. 1 only

Answer: 1 only

Only 1 is correct. USA has dual citizenship; a naturalised citizen can be deprived of citizenship.

• OCIs: They are NOT Indians, so they need visa. Govt. has given them lifelong VISA.
• NRIs: They are Indians, so they don't need visa

• 1. Was Indian citizen on 26th January 1950; or his/her (great/grand) children; and their spouse
• 2. Should not be citizen of Pakistan or Bangladesh
• 3. Overseas Citizen of India: → Since 2005, by amending Citizenship Act, 1955

• 1. Not a citizen, so can’t vote, get govt jobs, etc. They have the same FRs as other aliens.
• 2. Same rights as NRIs in education, pursuing profession, adoption, fees at ASI monuments, etc.
• 3. They are not at par to NRIs in case of acquisition of agricultural or plantation properties.
• 4. Some restrictions like no Missionary, Tabligh, Journalism, Mountaineering.