Which ideology is said to have brought fundamental changes in British Indian administration in the early 19th century?

Correct answer: (c) Utilitarianism

Explanation

In the early 19th century, Utilitarianism, the philosophy of Jeremy Bentham and James Mill, deeply influenced British rule in India. It judged laws and governments by whether they brought "the greatest happiness of the greatest number". Its followers wanted to remake Indian society through good laws and efficient administration.

James Mill, who wrote *The History of British India* and worked for the East India Company, and Governor-General William Bentinck were influenced by it. It led to the codification of laws (Macaulay's Indian Penal Code), legal and land revenue reforms, and social reforms.