Which among the following are examples of asymmetry in Indian federalism?
- (1) Representation of different states in the Rajya Sabha.
- (2) Provisions with regard to the administration of tribal areas under the Fifth and Sixth Schedules.
- (3) Composition of NITI Aayog.
- (4) Provisions for Union Territories as federal units.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- AOnly (1) and (2)
- BAll of the above
- COnly (2) and (3)
- DOnly (1), (2) and (4)
Show answer and explanation
Correct answer: (d) Only (1), (2) and (4)
Explanation
Asymmetric federalism means that the units of a federation do not all have the same powers or position. India has several examples:
- (1) States are represented in the Rajya Sabha roughly by population, not equally as in the US Senate.
- (2) The Fifth and Sixth Schedules give tribal areas special forms of administration.
- (4) Union Territories are governed differently from states, some with legislatures and some directly by the Centre.
NITI Aayog (3) is not an example: its Governing Council brings all states and UTs together on the same footing, as a forum of cooperative federalism.